Plants:

• Multicellular organisms
• Growth occurs in special places (eg. tips of roots and stems)
• Bodies are not compact
• Make their own food through photosynthesis
• Have cell walls, chloroplasts, large vacuoles
• No nervous system
• Cell walls are made of cellulose

Animals:

• Multicellular organisms
• Growth occurs throughout body
• Bodies are more compact than plants
• Cannot photosynthesise, obtain food by eating plants and/or animals
• No cell walls, chloroplasts, large vacuoles
• Have nervous systems which coordinate responses to stimuli

Fungi:

• Most are multicellular except yeast
• Some are microscopic, some are non-microscopic
• Cells have nucleus
• Have cell walls are that are made of chitin
• Reproduce by spores

Prokaryotes:

• Prokaryotes include bacteria
• Microscopic
• Simple cell structure
• Spherical or rod-shaped
• Cells have cell walls
• Some cells have slime capsules
• No nucleus
• Circular DNA in cytoplasm, some extra loops in plasmids
• Some have flagella to move through liquids

Protoctists:

• Do not belong in other four kingdoms
• Cells have nucleus
• Most are unicellular, some are multicellular
• Some protoctists can contain chlorophyll such as algae

Groups within the Animal Kingdom

• The animal kingdom can be divided into vertebrates and invertebrates
• Vertebrates have backbones and internal skeletons
• Invertebrates do not have backbones, but have external skeletons
  
• Vertebrates consist of: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish

Mammals:

-humans, dogs, bats, dolphins..

• Have hair/fur
• Have external ears
• Females suckle young with milk with mammary glands
• Have lungs to breathe
• Internal fertilisation and development
• Homeothermic (maintain a constant internal temperature)
• Double circulatory system

Birds:

-hawks, eagles, sparrows, parrots..

• Have feathers and wings
• No teeth
• Breathe through lungs
• Internal fertilisation, external development by laying hard shelled eggs
• Homeothermic (maintain a constant internal temperature)
• Double circulatory system

Reptiles:

-crocodiles, lizards, snakes, turtles, tortoises..

• Have dry, scaly skin
• Internal fertilisation, external development by laying soft-shelled, leathery eggs
• Have lungs

Amphibians:

-frogs, toads, salamanders

• Have smooth, moist skin
• Live on land, breed in water
• External fertilisation – sperm and eggs released into water
• External devlopment
• Lay eggs that do not have shells
• Tadpoles breathe through gills
• Adults breathe through lungs on land, breathe through skin in water

Fish:

-tuna, herring, shark, catfish..

• Have fins to swim
• Breathe dissolved oxygen in water through gills
• Skin has wet scales
• Live in water permanently, though some can survive out of water for short periods
• Most have external fertilisation
• Lay eggs
• Single circulatory system