IGCSE
Before you start:
These notes are designed to complement a textbook, focusing on the key points directly aligned with the syllabus, and are intended to serve as a concise revision guide.
Chapter Notes
(applicable for 2026-2028 syllabus)
Chapter 1 – Characteristics and classification of living organisms
1.1 Characteristics of living organisms
1.2 Concept and uses of classification systems
1.3 Features of organisms
Chapter 2 – Organisation of the organism
Chapter 3 – Movement into and out of cells
Chapter 4 – Biological molecules
Chapter 5 – Enzymes
Chapter 6 – Plant nutrition
Chapter 7 – Human nutrition
7.1 Diet
7.2 Digestive system
7.3 Physical digestion
7.4 Chemical digestion
7.5 Absorption
Chapter 8 – Transport in plants
8.1 Xylem and phloem
8.2 Water uptake
8.3 Transpiration
8.4 Translocation
Chapter 9 – Transport in animals
9.1 Circulatory system
9.2 Heart
9.3 Blood vessels
9.4 Blood
Chapter 10 – Diseases and immunity
10.1 Diseases and immunity
Chapter 11 – Gas exchange in humans
11.1 Gas exchange in humans
Chapter 12 – Respiration
12.1 Respiration
12.2 Aerobic Respiration
12.3 Anaerobic Respiration
Chapter 13 – Excretion in humans
13.1 Excretion in humans
Chapter 14 – Coordination and response
14.1 Coordination and response
14.2 Sense organs
14.3 Sense hormones
14.4 Homeostasis
14.5 Tropic responses
Chapter 15 – Drugs
15.1 Drugs
Chapter 16 – Reproduction
16.1 Asexual reproduction
16.2 Sexual reproduction
16.3 Sexual reproduction in plants
16.4 Sexual reproduction in humans
16.5 Sex hormones in humans
16.6 Sexually transmitted infections
Chapter 17 – Inheritance
17.1 Chromosomes, genes and proteins
17.2 Mitosis
17.3 Meiosis
17.4 Monohybrid inheritance
Chapter 18 – Variation and selection
18.1 Variation
18.2 Adaptive features
18.3 Selection
Chapter 19 – Organisms and their environment
19.1 Energy flow
19.2 Food chains and food webs
19.3 Nutrient cycles
19.4 Populations
Chapter 20 – Human influences on ecosystems
20.1 Food supply
20.2 Habitat destruction
20.3 Pollution
20.4 Conservation
Chapter 21 – Biotechnology and genetic modification
21.1 Biotechnology and genetic modification
21.2 Biotechnology
21.3 Genetic modification
Alternative to Practical