• PULL Factors:
  → Better quality of life
  → Higher average income
  → Better healthcare
  → Better education – 87% of American students finish high school, only 45% of Mexicans finish secondary school
• PUSH Factors:
  → High crime rates –
  → Poor healthcare
  → Corruption
  → High poverty rate of 43.5%

Benefits of migration:

• Mexico
  → Remittances help reduce poverty by spurring investment and create multiplier effect – More than $63 billion in remittances were sent to Mexico in 2023, with most of the money coming from the United States
  → Returning migrants can bring new skills and ideas to communities
  → Reduce pressure on jobs, houses, and public services
• USA
  → Reduced cost of labour – reduce inflation
  → Increased cultural diversity
  → Young migrants can offset an ageing population, reducing dependency ratio

Disadvantages of migration:

• Mexico
  → Brain drain – Loss of highly skilled workers
  → Ageing population – Young adults migrate
  → Migrants can return with changed values, creating community divisions
• USA
  → Can be seen as taking jobs from native population
  → Increased pressure on houses, public services